What is multimedia?

Multimedia  

The  word  multimedia  is  composed  of  two  parts:  the  prefix  multi  and  media.
Multi = Plural, more than 1, many
Media = Medium of communication

Definition:
Multimedia is the presentation of a computer application incorporating media elements such as text, graphics, animations, audio, and video.

Classification of media types

Classification of media types

Characteristics of Multimedia System

They  must  be  computer-controlled. User is able to view, hear, and see using a Multimedia PC System.

They  are  integrated. At least one discrete and one continuous media combined for information presentation and sharing.

The information  they  handle  must  be  represented digitally.

The  interface  to  the  final  user may  permit  interactivity. User is able to navigate, interact, create, and communicate.

Benefits of using multimedia in software

* Ease of use

        User friendly, increase user’s effectiveness

*Intuitive Interface

        Allows user to determine functions of an application by their own intuition

*Immersive Experience

         Software application takes over the entire computer screen, allows user to focus on application 

*Self-paced interaction & better retention

         allows information processing at one’s own pace.

*Better understanding

         simultaneous presentation of different media provides richer & broader range of information.

*Cost effectiveness

          less training, less technical support

Problems with Multimedia 

Investment costs

- multimedia involves high volume of content

- expensive copyright and royalty

Technical barriers (accessibility issues)

- upgrade IT & PC infrastructure

Legal problems 

        - Copyright

Where to use multimedia ?

• Business
• Government
• Education
• Broadcasting & Entertainment
• Research & Development
• Health

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What are Viruses ?

Viruses 

Viruses is piece of software that infects programs include:

• modifies them to include a copy of the virus
• replicates and goes on to infect other content
• easily spread through network environments

when attached to an executable program a virus can do anything that the program is permitted to do like:

• executes secretly when the host program is run

Virus Components :

infection mechanism

means by which a virus spreads or propagates

also referred to as the infection vector

trigger

event or condition that determines when the payload is activated or delivered

sometimes known as a logic bomb

payload

what the virus does (besides spreading)

may involve damage or benign but noticeable activity

Virus Phases

dormant phase

virus is idle

will eventually be activated by some event

not all viruses have this stage

triggering phase

virus is activated to perform the function for which it was intended

can be caused by a variety of system events

propagation phase

virus places a copy of itself into other programs or into certain system areas on the disk

may not be identical to the propagating version

each infected program will now contain a clone of the virus which will itself enter a propagation phase

execution phase

function is performed

may be harmless or damaging

Virus Classifications

we can classification virus by target or by strategy

1-classification by target

boot sector infector

infects a master boot record or boot record and spreads when a system is booted from the disk  containing the virus

file infector 

infects files that the operating system or shell considers to be executable

macro virus

infects files with macro or scripting code that is interpreted by an application

multipartite virus

infects files in multiple ways

2-classification by concealment strategy

encrypted virus

a portion of the virus creates a random encryption key and encrypts the remainder of the virus

stealth virus

a form of virus explicitly designed to hide itself from detection by anti-virus software

polymorphic virus

a virus that mutates with every infection

metamorphic virus

a virus that mutates and rewrites itself completely at each iteration and may change behavior as well as appearance

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History of the Internet | part3

You can see History of Internet part 1 : Here

You can see History of Internet part 2 : Here

In 1986, the National Science Foundation funded NSFNet as a cross country 56 Kbps backbone for the Internet. They maintained their sponsorship for nearly a decade, setting rules for its non-commercial government and research uses. 

Between the beginning of 1986 and the end of 1987 the number of networks grows from 2,000 to nearly 30,000.

As the commands for e-mail, FTP, and telnet were standardized, it became a lot easier for non-technical people to learn to use the nets. It was not easy by today's standards by any means, but it did open up use of the Internet to many more people in universities in particular. 

Other departments besides the libraries, computer, physics, and engineering departments found ways to make good use of the nets--to communicate with colleagues around the world and to share files and resources. 

In 1989 another significant event took place in making the nets easier to use. Tim Berners-Lee and others at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics, more popularly known as CERN, proposed a new protocol for information distribution. This protocol, which became the World Wide Web in 1991, was based on hypertext--a system of embedding links in text to link to other text, which you have been using every time you selected a text link while browsing the internet.

Since the Internet was initially funded by the government, it was originally limited to research, education, and government uses. Commercial uses were prohibited unless they directly served the goals of research and education. This policy continued until the early 90's, when independent commercial networks began to grow. 

It then became possible to route traffic across the country from one commercial site to another without passing through the government funded NSFNet Internet backbone. 

Delphi was the first national commercial online service to offer Internet access to its subscribers. It opened up an email connection in July 1992 and full Internet service in November 1992. 

Microsoft's full scale entry into the browser, server, and Internet Service Provider market completed the major shift over to a commercially based Internet. The release of Windows 98 in June 1998 with the Microsoft browser well integrated into the desktop shows Bill Gates' determination to capitalize on the enormous growth of the Internet. 

A current trend with major implications for the future is the growth of high speed connections. 56K modems and the providers who supported them spread widely for a while, but this is the low end now. 56K is not fast enough to carry multimedia, such as sound and video except in low quality. 

But new technologies many times faster, such as cablemodems and digital subscriber lines (DSL) are predominant now.

Wireless has grown rapidly in the past few years, and travellers search for the wi-fi "hot spots" where they can connect while they are away from the home or office. Many airports, coffee bars, hotels and motels now routinely provide these services, some for a fee and some for free. 

The next big growth area is the surge towards universal wireless access, where almost everywhere is a "hot spot".

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History of the Internet | part2

You can see History of Internet part 1 : HERE

Who was the first to use the Internet?
Charley Kline at UCLA sent the first packets on ARPANet as he tried to connect to Stanford Research Institute on Oct 29, 1969. The system crashed as he reached the G in LOGIN!

The Internet was designed in part to provide a communications network that would work even if some of the sites were destroyed by nuclear attack. If the most direct route was not available, routers would direct traffic around the network via alternate routes.

The early Internet was used by computer experts, engineers, scientists, and librarians. There was nothing friendly about it. There were no home or office personal computers in those days, and anyone who used it, whether a computer professional or an engineer or scientist or librarian, had to learn to use a very complex system. 

E-mail was adapted for ARPANET by Ray Tomlinson of BBN in 1972. He developed the “user@host” convention and picked the @ symbol from the available symbols on his teletype to link the username and address.  The @ was already in use as an escape character prompt, or command indicator on many other systems.  Not until late 1980’s will the ‘@’ finally become  a worldwide standard.  

The telnet protocol, enabling logging on to a remote computer, was published as a Request for Comments (RFC) in 1972. RFC's are a means of sharing developmental work throughout community. 

The ftp protocol, enabling file transfers between Internet sites, was published as an RFC in 1973, and from then on RFC's were available electronically to anyone who had use of the ftp protocol. 

Libraries began automating and networking their catalogs in the late 1960s independent from ARPA. 

The visionary Frederick G. Kilgour of the Ohio College Library Center (now OCLC, Inc.) led networking of Ohio libraries during the '60s and '70s. In the mid 1970s more regional consortia from New England, the Southwest states, and the Middle Atlantic states, etc., joined with Ohio to form a national, later international, network. Automated catalogs, not very user-friendly at first, became available to the world, first through telnet and only many years later, through the web. 

Ethernet, a protocol for many local networks, appeared in 1974, an outgrowth of Harvard student Bob Metcalfe's dissertation on "Packet Networks." The dissertation was initially rejected by the University for not being analytical enough. It later won acceptance when he added some more equations to it. 

The Internet matured in the 70's as a result of the TCP/IP architecture ( a net-to-net protocol) first proposed by Bob Kahn at BBN and further developed by Kahn and Vint Cerf at Stanford and others throughout the 70's. It was adopted by the Defense Department in 1980 replacing the earlier Network Control Protocol (NCP) and universally adopted by 1983. 

The Unix to Unix Copy Protocol (UUCP) was invented in 1978 at Bell Labs. Usenet was started in 1979 based on UUCP. 

Newsgroups, which are discussion groups focusing on a topic, followed, providing a means of exchanging information throughout the world . 

Usenet is not considered as part of the Internet, since it does not share the use of TCP/IP, it linked UNIX systems around the world, and many Internet sites took advantage of the availability of newsgroups. It was a significant part of the community building that took place on the networks.

Similarly, BITNET (Because It's Time Network) connected IBM mainframes around the educational community and the world to provide mail services beginning in 1981. Listserv software was developed for this network and later others. 

Gateways were developed to connect BITNET with the Internet and allowed exchange of e-mail, particularly for e-mail discussion lists. These listservs and other forms of e-mail discussion lists formed another major element in the community building that was taking place. 

Continue Read History of Internet part 3 

Here

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History of the Internet | part1

In this subject you can read the most important note about History of internet

The Internet was the result of some visionary thinking by people in the early 1960’s who saw great potential value in allowing computers to share information on research and development in scientific and military fields.

Licklider of MIT, first proposed a global network of computers in 1962, where everyone in the globe is interconnected and can access programs and data at any site from anywhere.  He moved over to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in late 1962 to head the work to develop it.

Leonard Kleinrock of MIT and later UCLA developed the theory of packet switching, which was to form the basis of Internet connections. 

Lawrence Roberts of MIT connected a Massachusetts computer with a California computer in 1965 over dial-up telephone lines. It showed the feasibility of wide area networking, but also showed that the telephone line's circuit switching was inadequate. 

Kleinrock's packet switching theory was confirmed. Roberts moved over to DARPA in 1966 and developed his plan for ARPANET. 

The Internet, then known as ARPANET, was brought online in 1969 under a contract let by the renamed Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) which initially connected four major computers at universities in the southwestern US (UCLA, Stanford Research Institute, UCSB, and the University of Utah).

After installation in September, handwritten logs from UCLA show the first host-to-host connection, from UCLA to SRI, is made on October 29, 1969 

The contract was carried out by BBN of Cambridge, MA under Bob Kahn and went online in December 1969. 

By June 1970, MIT, Harvard, BBN, and Systems Development Corp (SDC) in Santa Monica, Cal. were added (Nodes are added to ARPANET at the rate of one per month).

By January 1971, Stanford, MIT's Lincoln Labs, Carnegie-Mellon, and Case-Western Reserve U were added. 

In months to come, NASA/Ames, Mitre, Burroughs, RAND, and the U of Illinois plugged in. After that, there were far too many to keep listing here. 

Continue Read History of Internet part 2

Here

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Site for learning websites programming languages

This site is specialized for programming website pages which provides the lessons of a smoothly and easily to learn the most important languages ​​for websites design.


The languages ​​provided by this site:
Provides almost all the languages ​​of designing web pages and the latest versions ..
For example:

- HTML5
- CSS3
- AJAX
- PHP
- ASP
- JAVASCRIPT
- VBSCRIPT
- XML

And other languages ​​that will help you design web pages professionally.


Site advantages:
1 - Ease of education.
2 - does not require registration.
3 - allows you to apply the code and modify it and see the results on the same page ..Click here .
4 - easy to navigate between lessons.
5 - gives you tests to see how much you understand the language.


Disadvantages:
1-Not be able to communicate with teachers.

With this site you will be apple to learn how to design and programming websites .

Visit W3school from this link :

W3school 

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Tour around google company | video

Tour around google company,,,
Google is the one of the best companies in the world .
Many wish to see what was happening inside Google ..
Today we'll show you a small section shows talk about what's in the Google's .

To have more about google ..  visit wikipedia at this link :

Google

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online compiler

Do you wish a programming language interpreter, Online and contains most of the programming languages​​?
Do you facing a problem when you use device does not contain an interpreter ..

Today we have amazingly web sit that all you to interpreting computer language .

What is distinguishes of this site ?

- Easy to use .
- Has interfaces .
- Can registering for free .
- Have good space for your program .

Registering is easy , and they give you 1 gigabyte for your program .
You can raise your space by buying ...

You can visit the site from this link :

Online Compiler

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why computer can't rename file with word "con" ?

The word "con" , you can't use it to rename file or any folder .... why ??

The word "con" is not the only one that the computer can not rename files of them, there are many words that the computer can not rename files, such as:

 PRN

 AUX

 NUL

 COM1

 COM2

 COM3

 COM4

 COM5

 COM6

 COM7

 COM8

 COM9

 LPT1

 LPT2

 LPT3

 LPT4

 LPT5

 LPT6

 LPT7

 LPT8

 LPT9

The real reason behind the piece is that these words are reserved by the system.

Did not understand correctly, I will explain to you:

If you want to create your own email, example Computer@gmail.com, name "Computer" reserved by someone else, means the company database that gives you email had booked this name to someone and you can't reserve this name to you .

 This What is happening in computer word con reserved by the system and system does not allow you to name the files.

If can not rename any file word "con" ?

No .. you can rename a file with word "con" .. across the following :

open "Run", then type "cmd" .

after you open a black screen write this matter :

md \\.\\C:\con

Now go to the C disk and you will fine a file named with "con"

To delete the file by typing the following command

rd/s \\.\\C:\con

you will be asked to write Y to confirm the deletion or N to cancel , click on Y

The file will be deleted from the disk c

If you have any questions , write it down ....

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First Video in youtube

YouTube site a global specialist in the field of Video, allows users to upload and watch and share video clips for free.

Site was established in February 14, 2005, by three former employees of PayPal.. Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim,

After the founding of the site was the first Video uploaded by Jawed Karim, 

It was at the zoo and the duration is 18 seconds.

Video Title: Me at the zoo .. I'm at the zoo

You can watch the Video:

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